Dual PhD: Cryo-Enabled Multi-Scale 3D Bioprinting for Engineering Shelf-Ready Human Tissues University of Liverpool in United Kingdom

This Dual PhD project, jointly offered by the University of Liverpool (UK) and National Tsing Hua University (Taiwan), focuses on developing cryo-enabled multi-scale 3D bioprinting technologies for engineering shelf-ready human tissues. The programme spans four years, with students spending two years at each institution, culminating in two PhD awards from internationally renowned universities. This unique collaboration provides access to large-scale national facilities, a global network, and a rich cultural experience across two continents.

3D bioprinting is revolutionizing tissue engineering by enabling the fabrication of biomimetic tissues essential for disease modeling and regenerative medicine. The project integrates ink-extrusion bioprinting, which allows efficient multi-material printing at micrometre resolution, with femtosecond laser direct writing (FsLDW), offering nanoscale precision and true 3D patterning. By combining these techniques with cryopreservation, the research aims to create hierarchically structured, cryo-preservable, and shelf-ready organ models that emulate human organs and facilitate easy storage and transport.

At the University of Liverpool, students will focus on formulating cryoprotective bioinks, studying the freezing–thawing behavior of cell-laden hydrogels, and establishing protocols for multi-material ink-extrusion bioprinting and cryopreservation. Additionally, students will design and validate bioreactor systems to assess tissue maturation and functionality post-thaw. At National Tsing Hua University, the emphasis will be on developing FsLDW techniques for nanoscale 3D structuring within frozen tissues and evaluating how multi-scale and multi-material patterning enhances cell organization and tissue development.

The project offers comprehensive training in advanced biofabrication, preparing students to design and produce next-generation 3D organ models for regenerative medicine and organ-on-chip applications. The technology developed will bridge the gap between manufacturing facilities and biomedical research centers, enabling the fabrication of tissues with centimetre-scale dimensions and micro- to nanoscale resolution, and facilitating their storage and transportation.

Funding includes a full tuition fee waiver for four years, a maintenance stipend (TWD 15,233/month for two years in Taiwan; UKRI Studentship rate of £20,780/year for two years in Liverpool), and a Research Training Support Grant for consumables and conference attendance. Additional scholarships are available for outstanding international students, and support is provided for students with disabilities or caring responsibilities.

Applicants should have a strong academic background in materials science, biomedical engineering, chemical engineering, chemistry, or related fields. Experience with biofabrication, bioprinting, polymer chemistry, or nanotechnology is desirable. English language proficiency is required. Applications are open to both home and international students, and the University of Liverpool is committed to inclusivity and diversity.

To apply, complete the University of Liverpool online postgraduate research application form for a PhD in Materials Engineering, including the project title and reference number NTHU005. The application deadline is March 15, 2026.