Mysteries of the Sulfur Cycle on Venus: Atmospheric Modelling and ESA EnVision Mission Preparation

The sulfur cycle in the atmosphere of Venus is a complex and vital process, involving the transport and transformation of sulfur dioxide and other sulfur-bearing species. This PhD project at The Open University, within the School of Physical Sciences, aims to unravel the mysteries of the Venusian sulfur cycle using advanced atmospheric modelling and photochemistry tools. The research will utilize the Venus Planetary Climate Model, which now incorporates a comprehensive photochemistry module, to simulate the chemistry and dynamics of Venus' atmosphere and compare model predictions with spacecraft observations and historical data. Despite decades of study, several aspects of the sulfur cycle on Venus remain unexplained. Notably, spatial and temporal variations in sulfur dioxide observed by multiple spacecraft challenge current understanding of atmospheric physical, chemical, and dynamical processes. The project will investigate these anomalies, focusing on the gradient of sulfur dioxide from the lower to upper atmosphere and the potential missing processes that could account for observed discrepancies. Students will engage in modelling work closely linked to satellite data, including both past and present observations of sulfur species. The project also offers the unique opportunity to participate in preparations for the European Space Agency's EnVision mission to Venus, scheduled for the 2030s. The Open University team is involved in the VenSpec-U instrument, and the successful candidate will contribute to science observations and analysis as part of the instrument team. Applicants should have a strong background in physics, mathematics, or a related numerate discipline, with at least a BSc 2:1 or MSc as required by STFC. The project is ideal for those interested in planetary science, atmospheric modelling, and space mission science. While funding details are not specified, candidates are encouraged to contact the lead supervisor for further information. To apply, visit the FindAPhD project page and submit your application before the deadline of January 22, 2026. For queries, contact Prof Manish Patel at [email protected].