The Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (MPI EVA) in Leipzig, Germany, is renowned for its interdisciplinary research into the history and diversity of humankind, integrating approaches from natural sciences and humanities. The Department of Comparative Cultural Psychology at MPI EVA is seeking a highly motivated PhD student to join a cutting-edge project investigating mental simulation in nonhuman great apes and human children across different cultures. This doctoral project will explore the mechanisms of human intuitive physics, focusing on predictive and counterfactual mental simulations—how internal representations of the world allow individuals to anticipate future events and evaluate alternative outcomes. The research aims to uncover whether nonhuman great apes engage in similar mental simulations, using behavioral studies, touchscreen experiments, and eye tracking methodologies. Data collection will primarily occur at the Wolfgang Köhler Primate Research Centre at Leipzig Zoo, which has a longstanding tradition of non-invasive, voluntary studies with great apes experienced in cognitive research. Additional data will be gathered from children at the child-study centre in Leipzig and through an international child study network. The project adheres to open science principles, including preregistered study designs and power analysis, ensuring transparency and rigor. The successful candidate will be hosted in the Department of Comparative Cultural Psychology and advised by a team of experts: Daniel Haun (Director), Christoph Völter (Group Leader), and Matthias Allritz (post-doctoral scientist). The position offers an inspiring, international, and interdisciplinary research environment, access to state-of-the-art resources, and the opportunity to contribute to transformative research in comparative, cross-cultural, and developmental cognition. Funding is provided through the Max Planck Doctoral program for a minimum of three years, with the possibility of extension up to five years. The salary is based on the German public service pay scale (TVöD), at 65%. All nationalities are encouraged to apply, and the institute is committed to equal opportunities, welcoming applications from individuals with disabilities and those underrepresented in science. Applicants should possess an excellent Master’s degree in Psychology, Biology, Cognitive Science, or a related field, with experience in experimental design, statistical analysis using R, and programming skills (e.g., PsychoPy, E-Prime, OpenSesame, MATLAB, JavaScript). Experience with behavioral research involving nonhuman primates and familiarity with touchscreen or eye tracking experiments are desirable. Strong English language skills and a collaborative, curious, and team-oriented attitude are essential. Applications must be submitted online by January 11th, 2026, and should include a cover letter, CV with degree certificates, contact details for two references, and a writing sample with a statement on AI tool usage. For inquiries, contact Dr. Christoph Völter via email. The preferred start date is March/April 2026, with flexibility for a later start if needed.