Abdullah Tawakul

Background Different treatment modalities are available for obesity management, including lifestyle changes, pharmacotherapy, endoscopic interventions, and surgeries. Limited evidence is available on the weight loss effect of combining glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) with endoscopic bariatric therapy (EBT) and bariatric surgeries (BS). Objectives In this systematic review, we compared the weight loss effect and metabolic changes of combining GLP-1 RAs with EBT and BS. Methods Literature searches were performed in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Review, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, PubMed, Google Scholar, and PRISMA databases. Only randomized control trials and retrospective studies were included. Results A total of 11 studies was included. Nine studies compared BS with and without liraglutide and 2 compared EBT with and without liraglutide. Adding liraglutide to EBT or BS provided significant weight loss when compared with EBT or BS alone. When changes in weight were compared across the studies, EBT with liraglutide showed a weight loss effect comparable to the net weight loss (ie, nadir weight loss after BS-regained weight) achieved following BS alone. Conclusion This review showcases a promising approach for managing obesity that combines GLP-1 RAs with EBT. This approach is expected to achieve shorter hospital stays, fewer side effects, and longer term weight loss benefits than BS alone. However, additional prospective studies with higher quality, more consistent outcome measures for weight loss and metabolic changes are needed to further evaluate the approach.