Ajay S Kasi

Background: The RAM cannula ® consists of nasal prongs that can be used to administer oxygen, continuous, and bilevel positive airway pressure therapies. Studies have reported the efficacy and utility of the RAM cannula in inpatients requiring noninvasive ventilation (NIV); however, there is limited literature on the use of the RAM cannula to provide NIV in the outpatient setting. Objectives: This study aimed to describe the clinical features and outcomes of children who used NIV via RAM cannula in the outpatient setting. Design: Retrospective review. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of children treated with outpatient NIV via RAM cannula at our institution between January 2010 and March 2023. The analyzed data included age, diagnoses, indications for NIV, duration of RAM cannula use, complications, and outcomes at 6 months. Results: We identified 20 patients who used outpatient NIV via RAM cannula during the study period. The median age at initiation of NIV via RAM cannula was 5.8 months (IQR 2.4-9.9 months). Indications for NIV included sleep-related hypoventilation (15%), restrictive lung disease (25%), obstructive sleep apnea (45%), and chronic respiratory failure (50%), with 6 patients having ⩾2 indications for NIV. RAM cannula was utilized for inability to tolerate conventional NIV interfaces (80%), to alleviate dyspnea (60%), and to avoid tracheostomy (55%). Patients used NIV via RAM cannula for a median duration of 7.7 months (IQR 3.7-20.6 months). Patient outcomes included ongoing usage of RAM cannula (55%), changing to conventional NIV interfaces (15%) or oxygen (10%), weaning off respiratory support (5%), and death (15%). There were no complications related to using the RAM cannula. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates the utility of outpatient NIV via RAM cannula in children with a variety of diagnoses until clinical improvement or tolerance of conventional interfaces, and for avoidance of tracheostomy.