Alexander J. Henshaw

Rewilding is a radical approach to landscape conservation that has the potential to help mitigate flood risk and low flow stresses, but this remains largely unexplored. Here, we illustrate the nature of hydrological changes that rewilding can be expected to deliver through reducing or ceasing land management, natural vegetation regeneration, species (re)introductions, and changes to river networks. This includes major changes to above‐ and below‐ground vegetation structure (and hence interception, evapotranspiration, infiltration, and hydraulic roughness), soil hydrological properties, and the biophysical structure of river channels. The novel, complex, uncertain, and longer‐term nature of rewilding‐driven change generates some key challenges, and rewilding is currently relatively constrained in geographical extent. Significant changes to the water cycle that benefit people and nature are possible but there is an urgent need for improved understanding and prediction of rewilding trajectories and their hydrological effects, generation of the knowledge and tools to facilitate stakeholder engagement, and an extension of the geography of rewilding opportunities. This article is categorized under: Science of Water > Hydrological Processes Science of Water > Water Extremes Water and Life > Conservation, Management, and Awareness