Ali Ismail Awad

The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic prompted educational institutions to swiftly integrate e-learning software systems, including learning management systems (LMSs), as essential tools for online education. This study aims to probe the inherent security vulnerabilities of three widely utilized e-learning platforms, namely, Moodle, Chamilo, and Ilias, spanning the pre-pandemic, pandemic, and post-pandemic periods. The rapid adoption of these platforms during the pandemic revolutionized online education but also unveiled security risks. This paper delves into these security vulnerabilities, offering insights before, during, and after the pandemic. Through an analysis of existing patches and security measures, areas for improvement are identified. Furthermore, the paper considers emerging cybersecurity technologies and trends, providing comprehensive recommendations to enhance system resilience against evolving cyber threats. The results obtained here can provide educational institutions with a guide for action to enable effective mitigation of e-learning software security vulnerabilities and ensure the continued security and sustainability of online education systems.