Carla Zilhão

Background Pediatric uveitis poses challenges in diagnosis and treatment due to asymptomatic or oligosymptomatic presentations and high rates of intraocular complications. Objectives This study aimed to characterize clinical manifestations and treatment approaches of pediatric uveitis patients in a northern Portuguese tertiary hospital. Methodology A retrospective study was conducted involving 41 patients diagnosed with uveitis between 2006 and 2021. All individuals identified by the Opthalmology department were referred to Pediatric Rheumatology outpatient clinic. Demographic, clinical, treatment, and intraocular complications data were collected. Results Of the patients, 78% had anterior uveitis, 17% had panuveitis, and 5% had intermediate uveitis. Uveitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) was the most common cause (43.9%), predominantly in the oligoarticular, anti-nuclear antibody-positive subgroup. Complications were identified in 80.5% of the patients. Uveitis associated with JIA was diagnosed earlier [5.0 years (3.0–10.5) vs. 9.0 years (5.5–14.0), P = .036], more frequently in asymptomatic patients (71% vs. 23%, P = .010), had a more insidious installation (71% vs. 17%, P = .004), and required more tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitor treatment (70% vs. 39%, P = .027). Conclusion The high rates of intraocular complications and systemic pathology association highlight the need for a combined approach of ophthalmology and pediatric rheumatology in the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric uveitis.