Chae M. Jaynes

Research Summary A 2 × 2 × 3 fully crossed factorial experiment is used to examine the linkages between key dimensions of protection motivation theory (PMT; perceived severity of risk, vulnerability to risk, and response costs) and the intentions to adopt information technology (IT) cybersecurity recommendations after being informed of degrees of risk in the vignettes. Data in this study consist of a nationwide sample of 720 American adults. Results from a series of fractional logistic regressions indicate support for many of the core mechanisms within PMT. Seventy percent of respondents indicated they were likely to follow IT recommendations to mitigate a cyber threat. Self‐efficacy and response costs affected intentions to do so. Policy Implications The study's findings have important implications for improving cybersecurity and reducing vulnerabilities to cyber threats. Current training programs need more effective communication strategies and engagement tools. Perceptions of users as security threats rather than potential contributors hinder progress in the ability of organizations to improve cybersecurity. Collaborative, user‐centered approaches can enhance users’ self‐efficacy and improve cybersecurity by aligning user and IT professional needs and capabilities. Strategies like gamified simulations and tailored interventions can create a more security‐focused culture and encourage user participation in defending an organization. Recognizing individual differences among users and further examining personal characteristics that may impact user interactions with technology and cybersecurity interventions is crucial. Overall, more personalized, adaptable approaches to cybersecurity policies and technical solutions, accounting for diverse user needs and characteristics, should be a priority for improving cybersecurity practices.

Objectives Research has identified racial and ethnic disparities in rates of guilty pleas relative to trial where minorities are more likely to proceed to trial, though little research has explored the source of this disparity. Methods vUsing an adult nationwide sample and a vignette methodology, this research uses Ordinary Least Squares regression to explore differences in White, Black, and Hispanic defendants’ willingness to accept a guilty plea (WTAP). Results Though there are not significant direct effects of race or ethnicity on initial WTAP, there are racial/ethnic differences in theoretical antecedents of WTAP such as perceived probability of conviction, court legitimacy, and attorney type. However, there are not differences in the effects of theoretical antecedents on WTAP across race or ethnicity. Significant differences by race/ethnicity also emerge following a defense attorney's evaluation of an offer and are conditional on guilt. Conclusions Racial/ethnic differences in rates of plea acceptance are likely due to cumulative racial/ethnic differences in antecedents of WTAP, differences in the effect of attorney evaluation by race/ethnicity, and/or factors that were not directly examined in this study such as variation in plea offers. Implications for future research on the nexus between plea bargaining and race/ethnicity are discussed.