Ewa Madej

In this work, a new approach to construct self‐assembled hybrid systems based on natural PSII‐enriched thylakoid membranes (PSII BBY) is demonstrated. Superfine m‐WO 3 NPs (≈1–2 nm) are introduced into PSII BBY. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements showed that even the highest concentrations of NPs used did not degrade the PSII BBY membranes. Using atomic force microscopy (AFM), it is shown that the organization of PSII BBY depends strongly on the concentration of NPs applied. This proved that the superfine NPs can easily penetrate the thylakoid membrane and interact with its components. These changes are also related to the modified energy transfer between the external light‐harvesting antennas and the PSII reaction center, shown by absorption and fluorescence experiments. The biohybrid system shows stability at pH 6.5, the native operating environment of PSII, so a high rate of O 2 evolution is expected. In addition, the light‐induced water‐splitting process can be further stimulated by the direct interaction of superfine WO 3 NPs with the donor and acceptor sides of PSII. The water‐splitting activity and stability of this colloidal system are under investigation. Research Highlights The phenomenon of the self‐organization of a biohybrid system composed of thylakoid membranes enriched in photosystem II and superfine WO 3 nanoparticles is studied using AFM and TEM. A strong dependence of the organization of PSII complexes within PSII BBY membranes on the concentration of NPs applied is observed. This observation turns out to be crucial to understand the complexity of the mechanism of the action of WO 3 NPs on modifications of energy transfer from external antenna complexes to the PSII reaction center.