Giancarlo Natalucci

Aim We tested the feasibility of a future randomised clinical trial (RCT) in which Creative Music Therapy (CMT), a family‐integrating individualised approach in neonatal care, could improve neurodevelopment in extremely preterm infants (EPTs). Methods In this feasibility trial, 12 EPTs received CMT, while the remaining 19 received standard neonatal care. Socio‐demographic data and perinatal complications were compared between groups as risk factors. Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development at 2‐year follow‐up (FU2) and KABC‐II‐Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children at 5‐year follow‐up (FU5) were analysed using the Mann–Whitney U‐tests. Results Twenty‐seven (87.1%) and 18 (58.1%) EPTs attended the FU2 and FU5 examination, respectively. The rate of neurodevelopmental risk factors at birth of the two groups was quite similar. While there was no difference in the FU2 outcomes between groups, there were higher values in the CMT group's Fluid‐Crystallised Index of the KABC‐II. Conclusion Our results indicate neither a beneficial nor a detrimental effect of CMT on neurodevelopment at 2 years but a trend of improved cognitive outcomes at 5 years more similar to cognitive scores of term‐born infants than of standard treatment EPTs. The findings favour an RCT but must be interpreted cautiously due to the reduced sample size and non‐randomised design.