Jae Sung Ko

Background and Aim The aim of this study was to investigate the comprehensive genetic effects of exploratory variants of LYPLAL1 , GCKR , HSD17B13 , TRIB1 , APOC3 , MBOAT7 , and PARVB on pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in addition to the previously reported variants of TM6SF2 , PNPLA3 , and SAMM50 in Korean children. Methods A prospective case–control study was conducted involving 309 patients diagnosed using ultrasound and 339 controls. Anthropometric measurements, liver function tests, and metabolic marker analysis were conducted, and fibrosis scores were calculated. Transient elastography was performed in 69 some patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. TaqMan allelic discrimination assays were used for genotyping. The genetic risk scores were calculated using significant variants, namely, HSD17B13 , PARVB , PNPLA3 , SAMM50 , and TM6SF2 , to evaluate the additive effect. Results Risk allele carriers of the PARVB variant showed significantly higher levels of aminotransferases, gamma‐glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase, pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score, and aspartate aminotransferase/platelet ratio index. Individuals with a homozygous variant of HSD17B13 showed significantly lower levels of aminotransferase, gamma‐glutamyl transferase, liver stiffness measurement, and aspartate aminotransferase/platelet ratio index than those with other genotypes. These parameters did not significantly differ among other variants of LYPLAL1 , GCKR , TRIB1 , APOC3 , and MBOAT7 . The genetic risk scores was identified as an independent risk factor for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and had a positive association with severity. Conclusion HSD17B13 has protective effects on the severity of pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Variants of HSD17B13 , PARVB , PNPLA3 , SAMM50 , and TM6SF2 had an additive effect on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.