Jessica H. Maxwell

Objective To examine the impact of pre‐fellowship publications on future research productivity and career placement among head and neck (H&N) surgery fellowship graduates. Methods H&N surgery fellowship graduates between 2014 and 2022 were identified from publicly available data. Timing of fellowship graduation, number of publications during each stage of education and training, and number of first authorship publications were analyzed for association with scholarly productivity and academic career placement. Results In our analysis of 409 H&N fellowship graduates, there was a strong positive correlation between the year of fellowship graduation and the average number of publications in residency ( R 2 = 0.82) and fellowship ( R 2 = 0.79). Graduates producing more than the average of 2.37 publications prior to residency had a significantly higher average number of publications during residency and fellowship compared to those who published below average ( p < 0.001). A higher number of publications prior to and during residency were both independently associated with a higher likelihood of academic career placement ( p = 0.015 and p = 0.002, respectively). More first‐author publications prior to residency were associated with a higher number of publications during residency and fellowship ( p = 0.015). In sub‐analyses, gender did not impact the average number of publications during residency and fellowship. Similarly, the COVID‐19 pandemic did not significantly impact the average number of publications during the fellowship when comparing the classes of 2020–2022 to 2017–2019. Conclusion Research productivity among H&N fellowship graduates has increased in recent years. Research productivity in medical school and residency is associated with scholarly output in later stages of training and academic career placement. Level of Evidence NA Laryngoscope , 2024