Justyna Ulatowska

The removal of hazardous ions from water is crucial for safeguarding both the environment and human health. Soil minerals, integral components of soil, play a vital role as adsorbents for various contaminants, including heavy metal ions, organic dyes, and detergents. This study investigates the interaction between boron ions and soil minerals (gibbsite, kaolinite, and montmorillonite) in the presence of polyethylenimine (PEI). The minerals underwent characterization based on specific surface area, particle size distribution, zeta potential, and the presence of functional groups. The influence of PEI addition on the stability of the soil mineral suspension was evaluated by turbidimetry. Mineral−boron and mineral−boron−PEI interactions were explored under varying conditions, including pH, initial boron concentration, and mineral quantity, with all adsorption experiments conducted over 24 hours. Using the Langmuir isotherm, the maximum adsorption capacity of the studied minerals was determined for boron both without and in the presence of PEI. For gibbsite, kaolinite and montmorillonite, it was 30.63, 24.55 and 26.62 mg g −1 , respectively, while in the presence of PEI, it increased to 33.11, 26.61 and 45.47 mg g −1 , respectively. The addition of PEI enhanced boron adsorption from aqueous solutions, increasing the removal efficiency from 65 % to about 80 %.