Kaspar A. Schindler

Epilepsy is characterized by the occurrence of epileptic events, ranging from brief bursts of interictal epileptiform brain activity to their most dramatic manifestation as clinically overt bilateral tonic–clonic seizures. Epileptic events are often modulated in a patient-specific way, for example by sleep. But they also reveal temporal patterns not only on ultra- and circadian, but also on multidien scales. Thus, to accurately track the dynamics of epilepsy and to thereby enable and improve personalized diagnostics and therapies, user-friendly systems for long-term out-of-hospital recordings of electrical brain signals are needed. Here, we present two wearable devices, namely ULTEEM and ULTEEMNite, to address this unmet need. We demonstrate how the usability concerns of the patients and the signal quality requirements of the clinicians have been incorporated in the design. Upon testbench verification of the devices, ULTEEM was successfully benchmarked against a reference EEG device in a pilot clinical study. ULTEEMNite was shown to record typical macro- and micro-sleep EEG characteristics in a proof-of-concept study. We conclude by discussing how these devices can be further improved and become particularly useful for a better understanding of the relationships between sleep, epilepsy, and neurodegeneration.