Lorenzo Piemonti

Background Reparixin, an anti‐inflammatory drug that inhibits interleukin 8 (IL‐8) activity, might be life‐saving for high‐risk in‐hospital patients without increasing the risk of infection according to a previous meta‐analysis. With the increasing availability of randomised data the aim of the current study is to update previous findings by including any randomised control trials (RCTs) investigating the impact of reparixin on survival of critically ill or transplant patients. Methods A search strategy was developed to identify all RCTs involving reparixin in critically ill or transplant patients, with the exclusion of oncological patients. Two trained and independent authors conducted a thorough search of relevant databases. In addition, backward snowballing was employed. Language restrictions were not imposed. Results Our analysis included a total of nine studies involving 733 patients: 437 received reparixin and 296 the comparator. The reparixin group had a significantly lower all‐cause mortality rate compared to the control group [15/437 (3.4%) vs. 19/294 (6.4%), odds ratio = 0.47 (95% confidence interval 0.23–0.96), p ‐value for effect .04, I2 = 22%, number needed to treat = 33]. These findings had the same direction and magnitude of effect across COVID‐19 patients ( n = 325) and non‐COVID‐19 patients ( n = 408). Furthermore, there were no significant differences in the rate of pneumonia, sepsis or non‐serious infections between the two groups. Conclusions The findings of this meta‐analysis indicate that reparixin, an anti‐inflammatory drug, improved survival in critically ill or transplant patients (including both COVID‐19 and non‐COVID‐19 patients) without increasing the risk of infection.