Marco Ventura

Bifidobacteria are commensal microorganisms that typically inhabit the mammalian gut, including that of humans. As they may be vertically transmitted, they commonly colonize the human intestine from the very first day following birth and may persist until adulthood and old age, although generally at a reduced relative abundance and prevalence compared to infancy. The ability of bifidobacteria to persist in the human intestinal environment has been attributed to genes involved in adhesion to epithelial cells and the encoding of complex carbohydrate‐degrading enzymes. Recently, a putative mucin‐degrading glycosyl hydrolase belonging to the GH136 family and encoded by the per B gene has been implicated in gut persistence of certain bifidobacterial strains. In the current study, to better characterize the function of this gene, a comparative genomic analysis was performed, revealing the presence of per B homologues in just eight bifidobacterial species known to colonize the human gut, including Bifidobacterium bifidum and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum strains, or in non‐human primates. Mucin‐mediated growth and adhesion to human intestinal cells, in addition to a rodent model colonization assay, were performed using B. bifidum PRL2010 as a per B prototype and its isogenic per B‐insertion mutant. These results demonstrate that per B inactivation reduces the ability of B. bifidum PRL2010 to grow on and adhere to mucin, as well as to persist in the rodent gut niche. These results corroborate the notion that the per B gene is one of the genetic determinants involved in the persistence of B. bifidum PRL2010 in the human gut.