Mohamed Gouda

Transparent and mechanically reliable plastic was developed by reinforcing styrene‐acrylonitrile polymer (SAP) with electrospun glass nanofibers (EGN). The physical inclusion of strontium aluminate nanoparticles (SAN) produced long‐persistent photoluminescent and photochromic EGN@SAP bricks or smart windows. EGN were fabricated by electrospinning technique and incorporated as a toughening mediator into styrene‐acrylonitrile plastic to boost its mechanical properties. Transparency of EGN@SAP with the capacity to shift to green under ultraviolet (UV) illumination was verified using photoluminescence analysis and CIE Lab parameters. EGN@SAP with low content of SAN exhibited immediate reversibility of the photochromic feature, proving fluorescence emission. Afterglow emission from EGN@SAP embedded with high concentration of SAN persisted for longer time and was less easily reversed. After excitation at 365 nm, the emission peaked at 519 nm. Increasing the SAN content resulted in improved hydrophobicity and UV protection. Diameter measurements of SAN (6–14 nm) and EGN (75–300 nm) were taken utilizing transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. EGN and EGN@SAP bricks were analyzed for their morphological characteristics using a variety of analytical techniques. The scratch resistance of EGN@SAP bricks containing SAN was enhanced in comparison to SAN‐free EGN@SAP bricks.

A multifunctional nano-films of cellulose acetate (CA)/magnesium ortho-vanadate (MOV)/magnesium oxide/graphene oxide wound coverage was fabricated. Through fabrication, different weights of the previously mentioned ingredients were selected to receive a certain morphological appearance. The composition was confirmed by XRD, FTIR, and EDX techniques. SEM micrograph of Mg3(VO4)2/MgO/GO@CA film depicted that there was a porous surface with flattened rounded MgO grains with an average size of 0.31 µm was observed. Regarding wettability, the binary composition of Mg3(VO4)2@CA occupied the lowest contact angle of 30.15 ± 0.8o, while pure CA represents the highest one at 47.35 ± 0.4°. The cell viability % amongst the usage of 4.9 µg/mL of Mg3(VO4)2/MgO/GO@CA is 95.77 ± 3.2%, while 2.4 µg/mL showed 101.54 ± 2.9%. The higher concentration of 5000 µg/mL exhibited a viability of 19.23%. According to optical results, the refractive index jumped from 1.73 for CA to 1.81 for Mg3(VO4)2/MgO/GO@CA film. The thermogravimetric analysis showed three main stages of degradation. The initial temperature started from room temperature to 289 °C with a weight loss of 13%. On the other hand, the second stage started from the final temperature of the first stage and end at 375 °C with a weight loss of 52%. Finally, the last stage was from 375 to 472 °C with 19% weight loss. The obtained results, such as high hydrophilic behavior, high cell viability, surface roughness, and porosity due to the addition of nanoparticles to the CA membrane, all played a significant role in enhancing the biocompatibility and biological activity of the CA membrane. The enhancements in the CA membrane suggest that it can be utilized in drug delivery and wound healing applications.

In this work, acid-functionalized multiwalled carbon (MWCNTs–CO2H) nanotube was successfully functionalized with a heterocyclic scaffold, namely benzimidazole, to give novel functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (BI@MWCNTs). Then, FTIR, XRD, TEM, EDX, Raman spectroscopy, DLS, and BET analyses were used to characterize the synthesized BI@MWCNTs. The effectiveness of the adsorption of two heavy metal ions, Cd2+ and Pb2+, in single metal and mixed metal solutions on the prepared material was investigated. Influencing parameters for the adsorption method, for example duration, pH, starting metal concentration, and BI@MWCNT dosage, were examined for both metal ions. Moreover, adsorption equilibrium isotherms fit with the Langmuir and Freundlich models perfectly, while the intra-particle diffusion models provide pseudo-second order adsorption kinetics. The adsorption of Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions onto BI@MWCNTs revealed an endothermic and a spontaneous method with great affinity as a result of the negative values of Gibbs free energy (ΔG) and the positive values of enthalpy (ΔH) and entropy (ΔS). Both Pb2+ and Cd2+ ions were completely eliminated from aqueous solution (100 and 98%, respectively) using the prepared material. Additionally, BI@MWCNTs have a high adsorption capacity and were regenerated in a simple way and reused for six cycles, which make them a cost-effective and efficient absorbent for the removal of such heavy metal ions from wastewater.