Mohd Saeed

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), or “insulin-independent diabetes mellitus,” is a worldwide health concern. Diabetes affects roughly 415 million individuals worldwide, with 193 million undiagnosed cases. The number of people afflicted in the following decades is predicted to double. Although various synthetic medications are currently available to treat/manage T2DM, their side effects compel researchers to seek novel treatment options. Because of their affinity for biological receptors and broad bioactivity, nature has long been a source of innovative medication. V. amygdalina is one of the numerous natural productswith antidiabetic properties. Several studies have shown that the extracts have antidiabetic effects in vitro and in vivo. This review examined the antidiabetic and pharmacokinetic characteristics of phytoconstituents found in V. amygdalina.

The Wnt pathway has been recognized for its crucial role in human development and homeostasis, but its dysregulation has also been linked to several disorders, including cancer. Wnt signaling is crucial for the development and metastasis of several kinds of cancer. Moreover, members of the Wnt pathway have been proven to be effective biomarkers and promising cancer therapeutic targets. Abnormal stimulation of the Wnt signaling pathway has been linked to the initiation and advancement of cancer in both clinical research and in vitro investigations. A reduction in cancer incidence rate and an improvement in survival may result from targeting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. As a result, blocking this pathway has been the focus of cancer research, and several candidates that can be targeted are currently being developed. Flavonoids derived from plants exhibit growth inhibitory, apoptotic, anti-angiogenic, and anti-migratory effects against various malignancies. Moreover, flavonoids influence different signaling pathways, including Wnt, to exert their anticancer effects. In this review, we comprehensively evaluate the influence of flavonoids on cancer development and metastasis by focusing on the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, and we provide evidence of their impact on a number of molecular targets. Overall, this review will enhance our understanding of these natural products as Wnt pathway modulators.