Pamela R. F. Adkins

Background Lameness is an economically important and common disease of cattle, and foot disease is the most common cause of lameness in cattle. Limited data is available regarding lameness in cow‐calf operations. Objectives Describe the bacteria most commonly isolated from septic lesions of the feet of adult beef cattle and the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the isolated bacteria. Animals Fifty‐four adult cattle from cow‐calf operations and diagnosed with a sole abscess or distal interphalangeal joint sepsis were enrolled. Methods Prospective observational study. Abscess fluid from a convenience sample of clinical cases was cultured. Isolated bacteria were identified using matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight (MALDI‐TOF) mass spectrometry or 16s rRNA gene sequencing. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiling was performed on isolates when a bacterial species was identified from ≥5 samples. Results Fifty of the 54 samples were polymicrobial. Trueperella pyogenes (22/54), Streptococcus uberis (16/54), and Bacteroides pyogenes (14/54) were the most commonly isolated bacteria. Eighty‐one of 96 tested isolates were resistant to at least 1 antimicrobial; multidrug resistance was identified in 37/96 isolates. Oxytetracycline (50/96), tylosin (40/96), and florfenicol (37/96) resistance was commonly identified. Resistance to ceftiofur (5/96) was rare. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Septic processes of the foot in these adult beef cattle frequently were polymicrobial. Most of the isolated bacteria were resistant to at least 1 antimicrobial with over one‐third being multidrug resistant. Although simple sole abscesses do not require antimicrobial treatment, deep septic processes of the foot often are treated with antimicrobials. Culture and susceptibility of deep septic lesions may guide judicious antimicrobial usage.

Background Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is commonly analyzed in South American camelids with suspected neurologic disease because of ease of collection and characteristic findings associated with certain diseases. Objectives To assess CSF findings associated with short‐term survival or non‐survival in South American camelids in which neurologic disease was a differential diagnosis based on history and physical examination. Animals Twenty‐one llamas and 33 alpacas that underwent CSF analysis at the University of Missouri Veterinary Health Center. Methods Retrospective study. Medical records of camelids that underwent CSF analysis between January 2005 and September 2021 were studied. Short‐term survival was defined as survival to discharge from the Veterinary Health Center. A Fisher's exact test was used to compare species, CSF results, and survival. Results Odds of survival were 3.9 times higher in camelids with a total nucleated cell count (TNCC) <3 cells/μL ( P = .04). No significant association was found between survival and total protein concentration (TPC; P = .15) or percentage of eosinophils ( P = 1.0). No significant correlation was found between species and increased TNCC ( P = .63), TPC ( P = .55), or percentage of eosinophils ( P = .30). Among camelids diagnosed with Paralephostrongylus tenuis infestation, odds of survival were 4.95 times higher in alpacas ( P = .05). Conclusions Cerebrospinal fluid TNCC ≥3 cells/μL is associated with decreased odds of short‐term survival in South American camelids.