Simon Dunne

Objective Cancer‐related lymphoedema is a common side effect of cancer, affecting 24%–49% of people with cancer. Body image contributes to the well‐being of individuals with this condition. This systematic review aimed to explore, for the first time, the state of the science concerning body image in cancer‐related lymphoedema, including how body image is measured and variables associated with body image concerns. Methods Six databases were systematically searched for peer‐reviewed articles describing empirical quantitative studies where body image was measured with a reliable and valid measurement tool in adults with cancer‐related lymphoedema. Results Nine studies with 977 participants were included. The studies involved individuals who had experienced breast, head and neck, melanoma, and urogenital cancers and developed lymphoedema. There was considerable heterogeneity in body image measures used, precluding meta‐analysis. The following variables were associated with increased body image concern: higher body integrity beliefs, experience of physical changes (e.g. pain) and differences in sensation and function, including changes in appearance related thoughts, feelings and emotions. Several studies described behavioural and psychological interventions which positively impacted body image outcomes in individuals with lymphoedema relating to specific cancers. Conclusion Regular screening for body image concerns could encourage more positive body image awareness in individuals with cancer‐related lymphoedema and lessen some of its associated negative consequences. Future longitudinal and individual differences research in this area is important to inform intervention development. There is also need for a more standardised approach to the study and measurement of body image in people with cancer‐related lymphoedema.

Burnout, characterized by exhaustion, reduced accomplishment, and devaluation, can have substantial negative implications for athletes. Notably, researchers continue to examine burnout from multiple perspectives, commonly focusing on stress-, motivation-, or commitment-related factors, with limited efforts to consider these perspectives together. In contrast, this study aimed to assess the utility of these multiple perspectives and the key predictors of burnout in the same athlete sample. Data on burnout, stress, motivation, motivational climate, and sport commitment were gathered from 370 Gaelic games athletes. Separate structural equation models incorporating stress, motivation, and commitment factors as predictors of burnout dimensions were assessed. All models showed adequate fit. However, differences in effect size suggest that stress is more strongly associated with exhaustion, while commitment and motivation showed a stronger relationship with reduced accomplishment and devaluation. Evidence of significant predictors across perspectives also supports an integrated approach and may inform integration efforts and targeted intervention strategies.