Tuomas Waltimo

Aim The systematic review aimed to compare the levels of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and RAGE (AGE receptors) expression in diabetic periodontitis patients with non‐diabetic periodontitis patients and to identify the relationship of AGE and RAGE levels with periodontal disease severity. Materials and Methods The literature search was carried out according to PRISMA guidelines by two independent researchers using four online databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, and Pro‐Quest. Relevant studies published between 2000 and March 2023 were included in this review. The association of diabetes and AGE/RAGE levels on periodontal health, periodontal pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment loss (CAL) was studied. Results Sixteen cross‐sectional studies, including 2794 patients (age range 15–75 years), were identified in the final stage. An elevated AGE level was observed among patients with diabetes and chronic periodontal disease compared to the non‐diabetic group. Furthermore, the levels of AGE and RAGE are associated with CAL and PPD. Potential confounding factors like genetic and methodological differences were also responsible for AGE and RAGE variation. Conclusion Levels of AGEs and RAGE expressions in diabetic periodontitis patients differ from non‐diabetic periodontitis patients. The differences may impact the course and severity of periodontal disease.