Vasyl Teslyuk

An approach to the implementation of a neural network for real-time cryptographic data protection with symmetric keys oriented on embedded systems is presented. This approach is valuable, especially for onboard communication systems in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), because of its suitability for hardware implementation. In this study, we evaluate the possibility of building such a system in hardware implementation at FPGA. Onboard implementation-oriented information technology of real-time neuro-like cryptographic data protection with symmetric keys (masking codes, neural network architecture, and matrix of weighting coefficients) has been developed. Due to the pre-calculation of matrices of weighting coefficients and tables of macro-partial products and the use of tabular-algorithmic implementation of neuro-like elements and dynamic change of keys, it provides increased cryptographic stability and hardware–software implementation on FPGA. The table-algorithmic method of calculating the scalar product has been improved. By bringing the weighting coefficients to the greatest common order, pre-computing the tables of macro-partial products, and using operations of memory read, fixed-point addition, and shift operations instead of floating-point multiplication and addition operations, it provides a reduction in hardware costs for its implementation and calculation time as well. Using a processor core supplemented with specialized hardware modules for calculating the scalar product, a system of neural network cryptographic data protection in real-time has been developed, which, due to the combination of universal and specialized approaches, software, and hardware, ensures the effective implementation of neuro-like algorithms for cryptographic encryption and decryption of data in real-time. The specialized hardware for neural network cryptographic data encryption was developed using VHDL for equipment programming in the Quartus II development environment ver. 13.1 and the appropriate libraries and implemented on the basis of the FPGA EP3C16F484C6 Cyclone III family, and it requires 3053 logic elements and 745 registers. The execution time of exclusively software realization of NN cryptographic data encryption procedure using a NanoPi Duo microcomputer based on the Allwinner Cortex-A7 H2+ SoC was about 20 ms. The hardware–software implementation of the encryption, taking into account the pre-calculations and settings, requires about 1 msec, including hardware encryption on the FPGA of four 2-bit inputs, which is performed in 160 nanoseconds.

The object of study of this research paper is the processes of changing the properties of three-dimensional surfaces of a user avatar in real time. In the course of this work, the research addressed the limitations of existing solutions for synthesizing three-dimensional user avatars, particularly in terms of realism and personalization on mobile devices. Furthermore, the study tackled the challenge of efficiently adjusting color attributes without compromising the underlying texture information, ultimately enhancing user experience across various applications such as gaming, virtual reality, and social media platforms. A method consisting of three key components is proposed: pre-designed 3D models, multi-layer texturing, and software and hardware implementation. The multilayer texturing approach includes different texture maps, such as diffuse and occlusion maps, which contributes to the smooth integration of texture attributes and the overall realism of 3D avatars. The real-time change of surface properties is achieved by mixing the diffusion map with other texture maps using the Metal hardware accelerator, allowing users to efficiently adjust the color attributes of their 3D avatars while preserving the underlying texture information. The paper presents a software algorithm that uses the SceneKit game engine and the Metal framework for rendering 3D avatars on iOS devices. The result of the developed method and tool is a mobile application for the iOS platform that allows users to modify a digital 3D avatar by changing the model's colors. The paper presents the results of testing the proposed methods, means and developed application and compares them with existing solutions in the industry. The developed method can be implemented in areas such as gaming, virtual reality, video conferencing, and social media platforms, offering greater personalization and a more immersive user experience.