Vignesh Venkatakrishnan

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram‐negative bacterium and an opportunistic pathogen ubiquitously present throughout nature. LecB, a fucose‐, and mannose‐binding lectin, is a prominent virulence factor of P. aeruginosa , which can be expressed on the bacterial surface but also be secreted. However, the LecB interaction with human immune cells remains to be characterized. Neutrophils comprise the first line of defense against infections and their production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and release of extracellular traps (NETs) are critical antimicrobial mechanisms. When profiling the neutrophil glycome we found several glycoconjugates on granule and plasma membranes that could potentially act as LecB receptors. In line with this, we here show that soluble LecB can activate primed neutrophils to produce high levels of intracellular ROS (icROS), an effect that was inhibited by methyl fucoside. On the other hand, soluble LecB inhibits P. aeruginosa ‐induced icROS production. In support of that, during phagocytosis of wild‐type and LecB‐deficient P. aeruginosa , bacteria with LecB induced less icROS production as compared with bacteria lacking the lectin. Hence, LecB can either induce or inhibit icROS production in neutrophils depending on the circumstances, demonstrating a novel and potential role for LecB as an immunomodulator of neutrophil functional responses.