Vijay Tiwari

Feeding the world's ever‐increasing population requires continuous development of high‐yielding and disease‐resistant cultivars of food crops such as wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). Speed breeding, which utilizes longer photoperiod times and higher temperatures, is a technique that accelerates plant development and is rapidly being adopted by wheat breeders across the globe to fast‐track cultivar development. Plant diseases are a major threat to crop production, and breeding for disease resistance is a major goal of crop breeders. Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium graminearum , is a major disease of small grain cereals, affecting their yield and quality. The aim of present work was to assess if speed breeding conditions can be used to accelerate reliable assessment of FHB severity and mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) accumulation in wheat varieties. We screened a set of six spring wheat genotypes with different levels of genetic resistance (two moderately susceptible, two highly susceptible, one moderately resistant, and one resistant) for their response to FHB at 14 days after inoculation (dai) and 21 dai and DON accumulation under normal versus speed breeding conditions. FHB severity and DON accumulation were found to be highly correlated at all time points under normal and speed breeding conditions. Robust differentiation between resistant and susceptible genotypes could be achieved at 14 dai rather than the normal period of 21 dai, saving at least a week in phenotyping. Combined with the accelerated growth, flowering, and maturity under these conditions, efficient FHB screening and DON evaluation under speed breeding conditions will fast‐track development of resistant wheat varieties.