Federica Di Spirito

Considering the need to improve patient knowledge, awareness, and compliance for peri-implantitis prevention, and patients’ demand for better, quick, and convenient access to medical information, the present study primarily assessed the reliability and accuracy of YouTube videos on peri-implantitis and secondarily evaluated their educational value for the patients, and the related suitability, as part of population-based preventive strategies, to deliver valid information, potentially capable of improving patient knowledge and educational skills. This study’s protocol was developed in advance, and computer history and cookies were cleared to avoid limitations based on preferred user histories. The search term “peri-implantitis” was defined using the Google Trends website, and videos were searched on YouTube on 5 December 2022. Video inclusion and data collection were conducted by independent pre-calibrated investigators. Descriptive statistics were performed on the videos’ characteristics, source, category, target audience, popularity, source reliability, video information and quality (VIQI), content, and educational value. Pearson’s correlation between educational value and all parameters was calculated. Videos with very low/low and medium/good/excellent educational value were compared using the Mann–Whitney U test. A total of 44 videos with medium values for popularity, VIQI, content, and educational value were analyzed. Most videos covered peri-implantitis treatment rather than etiology and prevention, about half were uploaded by dentists/specialists, and only 10% specifically targeted patients. Only 2% of YouTube videos about peri-implantitis had excellent educational value, and 5% had good educational value. Video educational value was correlated with VIQI and content beyond video length and source reliability. When comparing the very low/low and medium/good/excellent educational value YouTube videos on peri-implantitis, a significant difference was found in the Video Information and Quality Index, VIQI, and video content.

Various clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infections and adverse reactions to COVID-19 vaccination have been described in children. The present narrative review aimed to collect and synthesize reported findings on oral lesions detected in SARS-CoV-2-positive subjects following COVID-19 EMA-authorized and WHO Emergency Use Listing-approved vaccine administration in the pediatric population to detail their clinical features and highlight possible pathogenic aspects of those lesions based on current evidence. Few and incomplete reports were retrieved from the literature, probably because most lesions belonged to a broad spectrum of systemic diseases and syndromes and were nonspecific or inaccurately described. The most common oral lesions in pediatric SARS-CoV-2-positive patients were erosive–ulcerative lesions and macules/petechiae, primarily erythematous. In the context of COVID-19 vaccination, oral adverse reactions were rare and typically presented as erosive–ulcerative lesions, with EM-like or unspecified patterns. Future studies should investigate oral lesions in SARS-CoV-2-positive subjects and after COVID-19 vaccination in the pediatric population, taking into account viral variants and newly developed vaccines. Deeper insight into oral lesions detectable in pediatric SARS-CoV-2-positive subjects and after COVID-19 vaccination may increase clinicians’ ability to improve multidisciplinary pediatric oral and general care.

The human oral cavity comprises an extensive range of microorganisms, viruses, bacteria, fungi, archaea, and protozoa, each having a particular role and interacting with each other and with the host in sickness or health. Changes in the microbiome composition can be crucial in balancing health and disease, locally and systemically. Various microbial species in commensal relationships form the oral microbiota, and when this commensalism undergoes variations the immune system can be pushed towards the activation of inflammatory and autoimmune processes. Through a systematic review of the literature, we set out to investigate the role that the oral microbiota can play in the development and evolution of pemphigus vulgaris and mucous membrane pemphigoid. We performed our systematic review by searching “microbiome OR microbiota” AND “pemphigus OR pemphigoid” on Medline, ISI Web of science and Embase, and we included randomized controlled trials (RCTs), prospective comparison studies, retrospective cohort studies, case–control studies, and case series. These autoimmune diseases need a genetic basis to develop, but as multifactorial pathologies they are influenced by environmental factors and the dysbiosis of the oral microbiota can be a trigger. If the human microbiome plays a critical role in the pathogenesis and manifestation of oral autoimmune diseases, the next step could be new and promising therapeutic approaches such as probiotics or prebiotics.