raveen Kumar Kandakurti

Objective: The study aims to compare the antifungal effectiveness of nine different nano-particle- containing fluconazole variants with the standard form of fluconazole against Candida albicans in a laboratory setting. Design: The study is an experimental laboratory-based study. Setting: The research was conducted in the department of Medical Laboratory Sciences at Gulf Medical University, Ajman. Subjects: The study used standard strains of pathogenic Candida albicans ATCC66027 for experimentation. Intervention: Candida albicans was exposed to varying concentrations of nine different nano- particle-containing fluconazole forms. The mixture of the organism and drug was incubated for 2 minutes, followed by transferring 50 µL to Sabouraud Dextrose agar plates. These plates were then incubated at 37 °C for 48 hours. Main Outcome Measure: The primary outcome measure was the counting of colonies using a colony counter, with the number of CFUs/mL plotted against the concentration of different nano forms of fluconazole to estimate differences in effectiveness. Results: The findings suggest that the nano form of fluconazole effectively inhibits the growth of Candida albicans, especially at higher concentrations, compared to the normal form of fluconazole. The study highlights that the small size of the nano agents allows for better penetration of fluconazole, enhancing its effectiveness against Candida albicans. Conclusion: The study concludes that nano-particle-containing fluconazole variants demonstrate significant variations in reducing the colony count of Candida albicans when compared to the standard form of fluconazole.

Objective: This study is designed to evaluate the relationship between the hematological parameter, vitamin D level along with HbA1C level in type 2 diabetic patients. Material and Methods: The current study is a cross-sectional study that included 150 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus aged 20 to 79 years. Patients were given a questionnaire that included demographic information, family history, duration of diabetes, and the presence of associated complications. During data analysis, the Mann-Whitney U-test, correlation, and descriptive statistics were used. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: CBC parameters show low RBC, HCT, and Hgb count and increase in RDW value among T2DM individuals. WBCs and monocytes count were insignificant statistically (P= 0.925, P= 0.084), but showed a weak positive correlation which could be used as an inflammation marker. In addition, most of the T2DM were having vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL) around 72.7% and occurs more in patients suffering from the diabetic disease for more than 5 years. Conclusions: This study highlights that T2DM patients could have one or more diabetes related complications at the time of diagnosis. Anemia was common among T2DM patients, especially patients with poorly controlled HbA1c because of diabetic nephropathy that affects the production of EPO. The study results demonstrated that vitamin D deficiency is common among T2DM patients. Therefore, it is recommended to screen and treat vitamin D deficiency for individuals whose diabetes risk is increased.