Piotr Kuropka

This paper describes the effects of murine norovirus (MNV) infection on oxidative stress and histopathological changes in mice. This study uses histopathological assays, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant markers, and total oxidative status and capacity (TOS, TAC). The results suggest that MNV infection can lead to significant changes with respect to the above-mentioned parameters in various organs. Specifically, reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD), Mn superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione reductase (GR) activities were observed in liver tissues, while higher MnSOD activity was observed in kidney tissues of MNV-infected mice when compared to the control. GR activity was lower in all tissues of MNV-infected mice tested, with the exception of lung tissue. This study also showed that norovirus infection led to increased TOS levels in the brain and liver and TAC levels in the brain, while TOS levels were significantly reduced in the kidneys. These changes may be due to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused by the viral infection. ROS can damage cells and contribute to oxidative stress. These studies help us to understand the pathogenesis of MNV infection and its potential effects on oxidative stress and histopathological changes in mice, and pave the way for further studies of the long-term effects of MNV infection.

For decades, intraperitoneal chemotherapy (IPC) was used as a liquid solution for the treatment of peritoneal metastasis. Due to its advantageous physical properties, foam-based intraperitoneal chemotherapy (FBIC) was recently proposed as a treatment for peritoneal metastasis. For the first time, this study intends to examine the feasibility, expansion, drug distribution, and penetration of FBIC in vivo. Three swine received contrast-enhanced FBIC doxorubicin delivered using a bicarbonate carrier system. During the procedure, intraoperative blood analyses and periumbilical diameter, as well as foam distribution, penetration, and expansion of the FBIC were analyzed. The swine received an abdominal CT scan to evaluate the contrast distribution. Furthermore, a hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining of peritoneal samples was performed, and fluorescence microscopy was conducted. FBIC was performed without complications. The periumbilical diameter peaked after 5 min and then decreased. Blood analyses showed changes in blood parameters, with a reduction in the pH levels of serum calcium and potassium. CT scan detected contrast-enhanced FBIC throughout the abdominal cavity. Fluorescence microscopy confirmed that all areas were exposed to doxorubicin and no pathologies were detected in the HE histology. Our preliminary results are quite encouraging and indicate that FBIC is a feasible approach. However, in order to discuss possible clinical applications, further studies are required to investigate the pharmacologic, pharmacodynamic, and physical properties of FBIC.